Niacinamide (vitamin B3) reduces skin irritation and trouble. The 10% high-concentration vitamin in this formula balances skin sebum activity with the zinc salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. [How to use] Before morning and before you go to bed, apply your face over the face before using heavy cream type products. Caution - This product should not be used concurrently with other vitamin C-related skin care products.